Cellular heterogeneity refers to the variation in characteristics and functions of individual cells within a population. This variation can arise due to genetic differences, environmental influences, or stochastic processes within cells. Researchers study cellular heterogeneity to understand how different cells within a population contribute to overall biological processes, disease progression, and responses to treatment. Techniques such as single-cell sequencing, imaging, and functional assays are used to identify and characterize cellular heterogeneity in various biological systems. Understanding cellular heterogeneity is important for advancing personalized medicine, drug development, and biological research.